British Airways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

British Airways - Essay Example Apart from scheduled airline, the organisation also operates both domestic and international carriage of mail and freight and ancillary services (Brownsell 2010). BA flies to over 300 destinations carrying over 33 million passengers in its 238 aircrafts (British Airways 2013, Table 1). From the time of its privatisation in the year 1987, the company has beaten the competition in the market to grow worldwide. The entry of its former Chief Executive, Willie Walsh in 2005 saw BA complete Terminal 5 at Heathrow in addition to various other accomplishments. In spite of suffering from the global economic recession, the airline looks forward to being the most responsible airline globally. As such, the firm dedicates much effort to the development of strategic direction and guiding principles to enable it attain its objectives. Key among them includes efforts geared towards the development and sustenance of effective marketing. With the ever changing marketing environment (Haberberg & Rieple 2007), there arises the need for continuous detailed and structured analysis of core dimensions. With the increase in complexity and frequency of terrorist attacks such as the September 11 New York attacks and the July 2005 London attack, there has been unprecedented political instability. As such, deregulated firms like BA need systems that enhance quick decisions. The open skies agreement has significantly changed the regulatory framework. Considering legal factors, BA suffers from Trade Unions’ actions including numerous strike actions in 2004 and 2005. As such, the firm has to consider various legislations on employee rights, environmental concerns and customer rights. Economically, with demand for air travel being highly income elastic, there exists a positive correlation between global economy and air travel demand. The rising cost of oil due to the political climate

Common sources of success or failure of startup firms Essay

Common sources of success or failure of startup firms - Essay Example While it is important for the economy to have influx of new, innovative, and entrepreneurial companies the actual success rate of new companies is dismally poor. In fact, 90% of all new companies launched in the UK will fail within the first two years (ibid). There are proven strategies and models available which can help increase success and growth rates, and one such strategy consists of thinking the project through and preparation of a business plan. 'Perhaps the most important step in launching any new venture or expanding an existing one is the construction of a business plan.'(Barrow et al, 2001:6). Although a business plan has several purposes and target audiences, most are produced with a limited view of enabling the raising of finance. Raising finance is critical for the success of the venture and 'the business plan is the minimum document required by a financing source' (Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2001: 289). More than three-quarters of business angels require a business plan before they will consider investing (Mason and Harrison, 1996). However, at the core of a successful enterprise is a planning and control effort that must recognise the needs of the venture and reduce it to a plan for systems that will help monitor and control execution as well as to milestone progress, or lack of it. Uncertainty and change are the norm and a successful business plan must have the inbuilt flexibility to manage change and meet exigencies that arise during the course of operations. This report looks at the most common reasons for failure of start-up businesses and this is used to inform suggested strategy for the preparation of a good business plan. A plan that will address not only the need of submission to banks and potential investors but also to the other audience, such as suppliers, distributors, major customers etc. Above all it will guide decision making in new ventures and lay a clear path to be followed for success of the new venture. This study limits itself to small and medium sized enterprises. Success and Failure While success is easy to understand, i.e. it implies that the projections of performance have not only been met but may have been exceeded as well. Definition of failure is more difficult and has been variously defined as discontinuance of ownership' of the business (Williams, 1993); discontinuance of the business' itself (Dekimpe and Morrison, 1991); and bankruptcy' (Hall and Young, 1991). In the following passages we explore what fundamental causes help a newly started business flourish and conversely what are the main reasons for failure. Different authorities have analysed the prime reasons for success and failure of start-up ventures. Quantitative studies by Lussier and Corman (1995); Everett and Watson (1998); Lau and Boon (1996); Lussier (1996); and Van Gelderen and Frese (1998) (quoted in Riquelme & Watson, 2002) have been used to formulate the reasons for the failure of new business ventures. The primary reasons are placed in a tabulated format as an appendix to this report. The highlights of the findings of the studies cited are discussed briefly below. The most important criterion appears to be the managerial team. For example, Macmillan et al (1985) conclude that the quality of the entrepreneur ultimately determines the investment decision of venture capitalists, notably a thorough

The Owner of Roseland - Jean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Owner of Roseland - Jean - Essay Example A profit à   prendre is the right to go on to someone else's land and acquire natural materials from it and include the right to mine, quarry, fish, and hunt, graze animals or cut turf. It is important for Jean to understand that order to ascertain whether there is a profit a prendre, it is not necessary to show that the relevant right that has been granted gives an appreciable benefit to the dominant land. Gale suggests that the question of whether a right can be a profit depends upon the nature of the right and its relevance to the dominant land. Profit of pasture is an ancient right but still generally claimed today. It is a profit because grazing animals take grass and other plants from the land. This cannot exist as a right to graze an unlimited number of animals as this would wear out a land, and the traditional limit is the maximum number of animals which can be supported through the winter, as mentioned in Mellor v Spaceman, 1669. Unlike an easement, a profit may not be appu rtenant to land, in which case it may be exercised for the personal benefit of its owner. Profit appurtenant can change character. Bettison v Langton, 2001, is the authority of the rule.   In the unregistered land system, a legal profit is enforceable against any purchaser, under the principle that legal rights bind the whole world. However equitable profit has to be registered as a charge through some passages in E. R. Ives Investment v High, 1967, suggest that some equitable profits may be enforceable without registration.  And in  Carr v Lambert  1866, 1 Ex 168, 175 relevancy and couchancy was described as a "measure of the capacity of the land to keep cattle out of artificial or natural produce grown within its limits".

Education, No child left behind act Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education, No child left behind act - Article Example Supreme Court banned racial segregation in public schools and determined that the "separate but equal doctrine" was unconstitutional. On Jan. 8, 2002, President Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 into law with tremendous bipartisan support. The final votes were 87-10 in the Senate and 381-41 in the House. Senators Ted Kennedy (D-MA) and Judd Gregg (R-NH) and Congressmen George Miller (D-CA) and John Boehner (R-OH) were its chief sponsors in the Senate and the House. (US Department of Education). The main proponent of the Act was President George W. Bush. President Bush wanted to expand the educational opportunities for all students, including students who are just learning the English language and students who are new to the US. The law ensures that all children regardless of their ethnic and cultural origin can receive a quality education and enhance their academic potential. The Act reflects the President's education reform plan and contains changes to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The NCLB Act enhances the federal government's role in K-12 education by focusing on school success as measured by student achievement. The Act also contains the President's four education reform principles: stronger accountability for results, increased flexibility and local control, expanded options for parents, and an emphasis on teaching methods that have been proven to work. With this law, American taxpayers will derive benefits from their heavy investment in education. (Paige and Gibbons, 2004) No Child Left Behind was the successful culmination of a standards-and-testing movement that began with A Nation at Risk report by the Reagan administration in 1983. This push for a standards-based reform gained further support during the 1989 education summit in Charlottesville, Virginia. In that summit, President George H. W. Bush together with the nation's governors set performance goals for American schools. By 1991, President Bush's "America 2000" proposal included voluntary national testing tied to world class standards. President Clinton signed into law "Goals 2000," which provided grants to help states develop academic standards. With the 1994 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the states were required to develop content and performance standards for K-12 schools. Congress adopted the adequate yearly progress that became the linchpin of accountability in No Child Left Behind. States were mandated to make substantial progress toward the goal of aca demic proficiency for all students. However, at that time, there was no deadline for these standards to be met. Several states which were supposed to pass the standards failed to meet these standards. (Paige and Gibbons, 2004). Features of the Legislation The first feature of the NCLB is that it demanded greater accountability by increasing the annual goals for student achievement. Schools and districts register adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward meeting set targets. Educators must meet their targets. NCLB has set minimum standards for teacher quality. These standards assist local educational agencies such as districts on decisions covering curriculum, textbooks and materials. These standards constitute a starting point for developing assessments to measure student mastery. Annual assessments are done and all students are classified into one of these performance levels. NCLB requires all

A Retrospect of the Hong Kong Handover Essay Example for Free

A Retrospect of the Hong Kong Handover Essay Slide 2 Hong Kong’s handover to the Chinese government after 150 years of British colonial rule is a major historical event My paper analyzes whether or not China handled Hong Kong well 10 years after the Handover occurred. It also aims to look at the changes that have taken place since the Handover, and how they have affected the situation in Hong Kong. Important questions regarding this issue are:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After 10 years, did China handle Hong Kong well?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Has China fulfilled its promise to maintain Hong Kongs status quo as a leader in Asian economy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have the policies and changes that the Handover has brought been beneficial to the people of Hong Kong? My position is that China did a good job in the sense that they did not do harm to Hong Kong and was able to preserve the liberal economic and political spirit of the place. My conclusions are based on the following parameters: One, the economic situation of the territory, and two, the political situation of the territory. Slide 3 Background of the Issue Why was the Handover a source of anxiety to Hong Kong citizens?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Hong Kong way of life is different than that of Mainland Chinas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China is under a Communist System while Hong Kong adopts a free market economy The Impact of the Hong Kong handover can be brought to light with the following facts: Geography Hong Kong is a small piece of coastal island below Mainland China. Its strategic location made it an important port for the trading of goods and is regarded as an ideal base for military and tactical operations. When it comes to its economy, Hong Kong is a force to contend with. Hong Kong: Is one the modern world’s most important financial hubs Enjoys one of the world’s highest gross domestic products Provides jobs to millions in Mainland China as well as in neighboring countries Slide 4 Aftermath of the Handover Accounts of life in Hong Kong right after the Handover were promising. Generally, it was â€Å"life as usual†. The general consensus is that the Handover did not cause the major political and economic upheavals that many feared it would. While there was a slowing down in the economy, it was not at the level expected. The changes were milder and subtler than expected The reaction of the business community to the Handover reflects the reaction of the locals: Businesses were able to ride the change without much difficulty. Multinational companies based in Hong Kong have been loyal, and were able to transcend political upheavals. Slide 5 The most important policies implemented after the Handover included â€Å"One country, two policies† and â€Å"Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong†. China also increased public spending and reduced tax. These policies have allowed Hong Kong’s Special Administrative Region (SAR) government a free hand to implement decisions with respect to Hong Kong’s political and economic environment. Such a moves also proved to be effective because it kept businesses in Hong Kong. Hong Kong’s Performance under China’s rule has been on the large part, successful. The following are evidence of China’s good handling of the Hong Kong Handover: Hong Kong was one of the least affected during the Asian economic depressions Hong Kong was one of the first to bounce back from the depression. Hong Kong survived the health problems of SARS, bird flu and mad cow disease.

First Solar Turns Sunshine into Profits Essay Example for Free

First Solar Turns Sunshine into Profits Essay Case Summary: First Solar was founded in 1999 from the Walton family. According to the Marketing Sun Power, First Solar’s mission is â€Å"to create enduring value by enabling a world powered by clean, affordable solar electricity.† (p. 90) The company manufactures solar modules, which have razor-thin cadmium telluride. They are manufactured this way because it can still produce electricity even when clouds are blocking the sun. With this product First Solar wants to promote that it is socially responsible. It not only markets its cost efficiency through solar energy, but it also helps maintain sustainability by reducing the use of fossil fuel. First Solar products have advantages with rival companies because its product does not depend on silicon wafers. Silicon wafers is the preferred product from other solar companies. Silicon wafers is a costly product and it’s also a scarce resource. Key Marketing Issues †¢Competition: In the business world competition is when businesses or firms enter the market with similar products. Per the article First Solar does not seem to have great threat of other firms, as it is the leading manufacture of solar power. First Solar uses razor-thin cadmium telluride material, while other companies use silicon wafers. Silicon is a scarce material and expensive as well. †¢Oligopoly: I would consider First Solar to be an oligopoly. Since it seems that there are few sellers that control the solar panel market. I would also say that since First Solar uses different material it has an upper hand when it comes to solar modules. This can change if different innovations enter the market. †¢Political Forces: Political force can always influence the wellbeing of a company. For example Germany and other European nations are encouraging  alternative energy and that is why Germany has become First Solar’s target market. †¢Technological Forces: Technological forces will continue to change the marketing perspective, because technology changes. Marketing strategies change to adapt and become appealable to consumers. †¢Government: Governments from various nations can influence with providing subsidies that help corporations maintain a decreased rates for solar energy. A problem that First Solar and other solar companies will have to tackle, because Germany will be reducing its subsidies soon. Personal Case Analysis As a personal analysis I was intrigued by the product differentiation between First Solar and other solar companies. Most solar companies use silicon wafers for their solar cells and panels. First Solar uses a razor-thin cadmium telluride solar cells and panels, which makes them an innovator of this product (what makes them marketable). They expect to decrease its cost to .50 cents per watt by 2014, which is 50% less than what is being paid at this moment. First Solar is not only based out of Tempe, Arizona, but it’s also marketed globally. Germany use to be its primary market, but now it is moving to the North American market. Case Questions 1-Which marketing environment forces are likely to have the greatest impact on First Solar? The greatest impacts from environmental forces are Economic Conditions (buying power), Political Forces, and Technological Forces. Economic conditions change in which can affect the buying power. A perfect example would be the subsidies that are being received in Germany. Buying condition can decrease when the subsidies are lost. Unless there is a political agenda or lobbying involved. This is when technological advancement can be improved  to provide a less costly product. 2-What types of organizations are most likely to exert the strongest competitive forces on First Solar? In order for a competitor to compete against First Solar, they would need to develop a superior product then what First Solar has produced. First Solar has produced a razor-thin cadmium telluride product that even works on cloudy days. One company that I think could bring competition would General Electric. General Electric is a well-established company that is looking into being a sustainable company and has the wealth to pursue solar panels. 3-How did technology affect First Solars responses to the changes in the marketing environment? How can it continue to maintain its technological edge in its industry? First Solar started out because of high oil prices, environmental concerns with natural resources. First Solar does not use expensive material like silicon wafers, which is a scarce material and very costly. It will continue to maintain its technological edge because it is aware that it needs continuous assessments in every aspect of the market (fossil fuel, government, technologies, innovation, and consumer demand). Conclusions: First Solar has developed a product in which reduces the use of fossil fuel and creates alternative energy. Its marketing strategy has been focused on its unique development of technology (cadmium telluride cells) and the need to provide consumers and businesses a more sustainable product with a lower cost. Due to these advantages the company can attack the market aggressively. First Solar is aware of the challenges that will arise in the future. Environmental forces keep companies always on edge, which makes them continue to improve with new technological innovations. Marketing plans need to be adjusted on a continuous basis due to changes that may arise from government, natural resources, political views and social views.

The American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Politics Essay

The American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Politics Essay The act is based on the proposals of President Obama in effort to jump-start the economy after the economic crisis of 2007-2009. In his first weekly address since sworn in as president of the United States, President Obama claimed that the act will invest in our most important priorities like energy and education; health care and a new infrastructure that are necessary to keep us strong and competitive in the 21st century (Weekly Address, 2009). Vice President Joe Biden is in charge of overseeing the implementation of the act, which includes working closely with cabinet members, governors, and mayors (About the Recovery Act, 2009). The problems of economic crisis are severe and have resulted in recession, closing of businesses, job loss, and families losing their homes. The Recovery Act is said to be a major milestone in helping to resolve the economic crisis, but President Obama admits that there is still a large amount of work that needs to be done. The act has three immediate goals it hopes to achieve in response to the economic crisis. The first goal is to create new jobs and save existing ones; the estimated number of jobs saved or created is 3.5 million in the next two years (About the Recovery Act, 2009). Next, the act hopes to spur economic activity and invest in long-term economic growth. The last immediate goal of the act is to foster accountability and transparency in government spending. Along with these three immediate goals the act hopes to achieve several long-term goals. Some of these goals include igniting spending by both businesses and consumers. The act also hopes to create a new foundation for economic growth and prosperity (Track the Money, 2009). Health care has been a serious problem in this country, but this act aims to modernize the entire healthcare system, saving millions of dollars and countless lives. Increasing access to health care is also something the act hopes to accomplish. Upgrading classrooms, libraries, and labs for childrens schools as well as connecting rural homes, businesses, and schools to the Internet is another goal of the act (About the Recovery Act, 2009). There is also a major emphasis on modernizing infrastructure, including repairing bad roads, dams, bridges, and levees. Unemployment benefits and protecting peoples healthcare are other main focal points of the act. In addition, the act will work to stabilize, reform, and repair the banking system; this would get credit flowing to families and businesses (Track the Money, 2009). Last, the act hopes to stop the foreclosures on homes, and intends to help homeowners stay in their homes. Clearly the Recovery Act hopes to accomplish many things, but these are all things that this country needs in response to the economic crisis. The internal stakeholders of this policy include the Departments Governance Board for Recovery Act Compliance, program managers, and individuals responsible for daily operations related to the act. The external stakeholders are the recipients of the Recovery Acts funds, the Congress, the Executive Office of the President, the Recovery Act Accountability and Transparency Board, and the American public. One of President Obamas main concerns in developing the Recovery act was to ensure accountability and effectiveness. To accomplish this goal the United States Department of Justice has developed mechanisms to ensure both accountability and transparency of stakeholders as well as monitor the distribution of funds. The Department of Justices accountability framework is based on top-down governance, management accountability and effectiveness, top-down communications strategy, performance monitoring, corrective action implementation, and evaluation of the internal control activities (Unite d States Department of Justice, 2009). The act is based on the proposals of President Obama, and was formulated by the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main debate exists between Democrats and Republicans in Congress. No Republicans in the House and only three Republican in the Senate voted for the bill. Republicans fear that the tax cuts are insufficient, and that in the long-run the country will drown even further into debt. They instead insist on larger tax cuts and less spending on government programs. Republican Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell argues, This isnt Monopoly money. Its real. It adds up, and it has to be paid back, by our children and by their children (U.S. Congress passes, 2009). Obama and the Democrats hold to the notion that the bold actions of the policy are necessary to transform the United States economy and carry us into the twenty-first century. The final plan split into 36% for tax cuts and 64% in spending, and money for government programs and is funded on borrowed money. The main theory of the debate is the political systems theory, which stresses the way the political system responds to demands that arise from its environment (Kraft and Furlong, 2009). The Republicans favor limited government and low taxes, and these beliefs are dominant in their argument against the Recovery Act. In contrast, the Democrats believe that the government must take intrepid actions to fix the economic crisis and ensure the well-being of the average citizen. Each of these beliefs is developed from the larger economic context: the economy is failing, and the government must meet the demands of the public and the political parties that support their interests. There is a classic liberal-conservative battle over the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The left is of course pushing for more government spending and a bigger government, where the right claims that a bigger government creates more of a problem. Although the Recovery Act was passed by congress republicans still feel that it is not helping and are offering several different alternatives. Senators John McCain, David Vitter and John Thune all offer several different suggestions and amendments to the American Recovery Act. John McCains alternative stimulus plan was the closest to getting passed by the Senate of the three senators plan. However, the amendments were defeated in a 40 to 57 vote along party lines. McCain stimulus package includes changes to the home loan modification program and tax breaks for home purchasers (Human Events, 2009). He also suggests dues for rehabilitating military facilities and equipment. Similar to the recovery act, he wants to restore American infrastructure, mainly roads and bridges. McCain also believes that cutting the two lowest tax brackets by 5 percent and lowering the corporate tax rate by 10 percent for small businesses would drastically help with the economy (Human Events, 2009). The last element to his proposed plan was to accelerate depreciation for capital investments by small businesses. Although the amendments were not passed by the Senate, McCains plan did receive the most support and a similar plan will have potential to be passed in the future. Senator David Vitter, a republican from Louisiana, proposed amendments to the Recovery Act that would save the government an estimated 48 billion dollars (Human Events, 2009). He proposes a different way to spend government money and suggests prevailing-wage provisions that impact infrastructure projects, making them far more expensive. He also recommends spending 1 billion dollars to fund a census, 600 million dollars to invest in fuel-efficient vehicles by the government, and 400 million dollars for the construction of an FBI facility (Human Events,2009). Vitter also suggests spending 34 million dollars for management of bureaucrats at the department of commerce and a 75 million dollar training facility for the State Department. Last he advocates for spending 55 million dollars for the National Park Service and 125 million for repair and restructure of the D.C. sewer system. Clearly this Stimulus package is very different from President Obamas; however, it is far less expensive. Ne vertheless, the amendments were defeated in the Senate by a vote of 32 to 65 (Human Events, 2009). Senator McCain and Vitter were not the only republicans to offer amendments to the American Recovery Act. Republican Senator John Thune of South Dakota also suggested several alternatives to the act. In contrast to the previous senators, Thunes alternatives mainly focus on creating a smaller government to deal with the economic crisis. Thune recommends a reduction in corporate tax rates as well as individual tax rates (Human Events, 2009). He also suggests the removal of the alternative minimum tax, but he does want to incorporate an estate relief tax. Lastly, he calls for an increase in child tax credit and some restrictions on deductions, which would then cause a broader tax base. Although Thunes suggestions differ greatly from his republican colleagues, he still suffers the same fate; his amendments were voted down 37-60 in the Senate. Congressmen are not the only actors offering alternatives to the Recovery Act. Katzy and Puentes(2009) of The Brookings Institute offer their own criticism, asserting that the federal response has been mostly to keep throwing money at the problem, without any meaningful attempt to update our policies to the realities of today. They find that a more meaningful policy would place more emphasis on infrastructure investments. Experts of the Metropolitan Policy program, Katz and Puentes (2009) find that infrastructure investments addressed toward global warming could lead the way for a lower carbon future. They point out that transportation alone accounts for 28 per cent of U.S. emissions. The experts also stress that in order for the U.S. to compete in the globalized economy, they must work toward developing high-functioning global ports and transportation hubs by holding government responsible for maintenance and improvements. Countries in Europe and China have already done so. Finally, the U.S. should stop subsidizing the excessive decentralization of people and jobs, for household spending on transportation has risen to the second largest expense for most American households. They suggest we place the responsibility of transforming infrastructure investment in federal leadership. Leaders should include plans for freight movement, the electric grid, and water infrastructure across state borders and between metropolitan areas. The current policy on infrastructure centers on job creation which will create short term job success; however, the act should focus on creating productive and sustainable infrastructure that will create long-term growth. One thing that most economists agree on is that the money had to be spent. We agree with the bold actions taken by the president and congress to bring the economy out of recession and we favor and support the Recovery Plan. We do find that an alternative solution would spend the money more wisely, with more emphasis on infrastructure and better planning for the full scope of national needs. First, we agree with the experts of the Brookings Institution that in order to maintain development, we must take the focus off of job creation in infrastructure and focus on updating policies that dramatically improve infrastructure and establish economic competitiveness. Secondly, we find that program spending is too directed toward programs in local districts. While this is important for bringing the country out of recession and improving the condition individual, we believe that congress should work together to develop more national efforts that better serve the country as a whole, thus sustai ning long-term development. We also anticipate a coming crisis in the second wave of commercial real estate; we fear that there will be another real-estate bubble across the world. We find that more actions should be taken in the act to prevent such a crisis. In conclusion, large spending on public programs was necessary for bringing the country out of recession, but further action should look toward maintaining the long-term economic condition. But has the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, really fulfilled all of its promises to the citizens of the United States? The key to Obamas first year in office was the Recovery Act. But the Recovery Act, which should have set the pace for a year of strong reforms. Instead, for reasons partly having to do with the construction of the bill, its effects were nearly invisible-ninety-four per cent of Americans dont think it created jobs in their area-and Republicans quickly called it a failure. The American people were thinking radical change-not the status quo. Just the way Obama blamed Bush after 9/11, saying, You told America to go shopping, people are going to point the finger at him and say, You had an opportunity and you wasted it. We should have gone in and done the kind of stimulus that would actually turn the economy around. We ended up with something that was strong enough to prevent a depression. But it just wasnt strong enough to stimulate the recovery. Obama was trying to be favorably viewed by seventy per cent, and Reagan was willing to settle for fifty-seven per cent. He understood an intense fifty-seven was better than a sort of feel-good seventy. So in conclusion to that, I think that the Act could have been a much bigger success if they wouldnt have settled with what everyone wanted. But instead passed what was necessary to boost us out of the depression and get our economy back on the rise.