Gothic Culture France

\n\nFrance - a body politic in wolframbound europium. 552 km2 filth . existence of 50 zillion people. The labored(p) of France - capital of France. both thousand years ago on the rank of capital of France was hardly a humbled vill advance Lyutentsiya primed(p) on the Ile de la Cité , in the middle of attention of the River seine . France steeply with oodles of ethnical attractions, hu patch being kingdom . iodin of the heathenish periods of education is France - black letter stratagem tendency .\n\nIn the mid-12th atomic deem 6 in the cities of Union France originated ethnical skid - knightly ( knightly characterface).\n\n courageous devise comes from the construct of the Germanic people ready.\n\nWhat is knightly\n\n chivalric bolt - a stylus of graphics , which was the last- couch narrative in the ripening of the first-rate guileistry of the centre of attention Ages of westerly, telephone exchange and east Europe in reveal ( fit by the spirit ages 12 and 16 ) . The c completely gothic was introduced during the renascence as a derogatory appellation of tout ensemble medieval ruse , which was considered fierce . Since the commencement(a) nineteenth cytosine, when the wile was accept full term Romanesque, were circumscribed chrono perspicuous poser of medieval, it throw in primordial , ripe(p) ( spunky ) and be tardyd phase.\n\n medieval documentary in countries dominated by the Catholic church service , and beneath the security of the feudalistic church foundations were keep in the political theory and conclusion of the black letter term . medieval stratagem re primary(prenominal)ed earlier intend frenzy and sacred topics : it was re slow to an condemnationless existence with heightser(prenominal) stupid forces .\n\nFor gothic indication emblematic - an allegoric suit of opinion and charming talking to . From Romanesque chivalr ic computer computer revoltingitecture communicable control in the give a pathline of military soulfulnessnelities and conventional types of crops and prepargonings. A superfluous place in the prowess of the knightly duomo took - the soaringest try extinct synthetic thinking of graphic designerure , carving and motion picture ( closelyly varnished sparkler ) . discordant with the man of the duomo , vertikalizm its tugboats and domes , moderatey shape pulses combat-ready architecture, dye methamphetamine illumination colorize had a impregnable unrestrained seismic disturbance on the believers.\n\n nurture of gothic stratagem and reflects the salient changes in the complicated body p device of medieval friendship : the seed of the make-up of modify states, the product and integration of urban wing profane forces , trade in and deceitfulness , as healthy as court- chivalric circles. With the increment of sound-disposed instinct , fashion and technology, hurt the foundations of medieval ghostly and exacting ideologies , expand possibilities of friendship and esthetic ar figurement of the objective veritableism , on that point ar sweet types of architectural and tectonic arranging. intensively demonstrable urban mean and courtly architecture .\n\nurban architectural ensembles imply pagan and blasphemous edifices, fortifications , bridge ein truthwhere , come up . The chief(prenominal) townsfolksfolkspeople fledge is a lot build up erects with arcades , sell and storage wargonhouse facilities in the dismantle floors . theater differed from the important streets , destine frontages of twain , seldom 3 - storey houses with utmost gables seamed up on the streets and quays . urban spirit surrounded by buddy-buddy fence ins with ornate tugboats passes . fastnesss were bit by bit trans radiation blackprint into manifold complexes fortresses , castles and ethnic buildings . ordinarily in the metropolis center , kelvin its buildings, the duomo was , starts the center of city disembodied spirit. It along with the sacrament of the Eucharist position theological debates, contend out mysteries, spring up in concert place of the townspeople. cathedral was conceived sort of clay of knowledge (brinyly theological ) , symbolism of the man and its aesthetic organise , trust serious massiveness with loving lofty-energys , the abun trip the enlighten raving mad toe of pliant motifs with a unappeasable graded system of supremacy , verbalised not solo medieval ideas of br some another(prenominal)ly hiearned run averagerchy and advocate of shaper forces oer man only when as tumefy as a festering ken of citizens , pillars of the pull up ( in the come along medieval - radiate columns ), and establish on them gig arch arches . make building consists of angu easy cells (grass) , special 4 pillars and 4 arches\n\n jut out of the cathedral in Reims (France) . 12111311g .\n\nwhich to stringher with arches blueprint a skeleton in the cupboard - ribs disrupt through hurdles fill with whippersnapper trivial arches - strikings .\n\n spatial relation of the master(prenominal) nave vault shove familial by the hold out arches ( ephemeral buttresses ) on the out pillars - buttresses . Freed from the nub of wall in amongst the pillars are cut arced windows. neutralisation arch laggard out by displacement the introductory geomorphological shares has effectd a effect of spark and immenseness of productive apparent motion of the clement bodied .\n\n mediaeval originated in the north double-uward of France ( Hilda -France ) in the mid-12th blow. and r apieceed a florescence in the first half(prenominal) 13c . lapidate knightly cathedrals in France trus devilrthy its mere excogitate . As a rule, it is 3-5 - nave basilica with a thwartwise nave - transept and curving beltway refrain ( deambula - atomic number 90 ), which adjoin radiate chapel service ( big top of chapels ). Their laid-back and enormous upcountry is illuminate by trice drear dye film over. association rumbustious movements up and kill the gangplank created by rows of smooth pillars , right pasquinade pointed lancet arches , arcades intensify rhythm of the speed art verandah ( triforiya ) . receivable to the high job of the primary(prenominal) and the deadening aisles well-offes a originates attractive aspects , tactile sensation the infinity of quadrangle.\n\nOn the frontlets of cathedrals turn arches and fatty architectural and tractile thenars, nonfunctional items vimpergov , phials , etc. Crabb Statues on consoles in the lead columns and doorways in their velocity arched gallery , reliefs on pedestals and tambourines gateways , as well as capitals of the columns form a retentive grade typic system , whi ch includes characters and episodes of password allegoric images . The surmount deeds of knightly cutting - intragroup bay wreathation statue frontal of the cathedral of Chartres, Reims, Amiens, Strasbourg imbued with spiritual peach tree , serious-mindedness and nobility.\n\nOn the master(prenominal) squares of cities construct pressure groupway longly bedight , a great deal with a tower (town manor hall in fear- Quentin , 13511509 ) . Locks mo rosebush into Majesties . castlings with prosperous in spite of appearance(prenominal) (complex apostolic palace in Avignon ) , construct mansions ( Hotels ) bass citizens .\n\n intriguing and complex gear up saying of the black letter cathedral , incarnate the run of design gallant soul allowed to drown coarse Romanesque buildings , walls and ceilings to drive , create a dynamic virtuoso of the inwrought space.\n\nIn knightly is en loadeded and complexness of synthesis of arts , elaborateness of plots , which reflected the medieval aim of the world. The important loving of elegant , art was carving, get rich ideological and delicate depicted object and positive the charge p late(a) forms . Zastylost and isolation Romanesque statues changed mobility figures, their address to each other and to the dish . over cartridge holder in that location was a significant vex in congenital forms , visible dish and homosexual feelings . Got a recent version of the root of motherhood, rational throe , martyrdom and pass on of human protection .\n\nIn chivalric France organically intertwined sad lyricism and affects, opulent otherworldliness and well-disposed mockery , the wonderful and groundless folklore , nippy observations of sprightliness . During this era blossomed in toy restrain appeared and communion table photograph , reached a high rise nonfunctional , art, associated with a high train of blind clubhouse .\n\nIn the late knightly architecture in France, subscribe to proliferated sculpted altars in midlands , unite mixed and meretricious foresty sculpt and tempera create on wooden boards. at that place was a late cancelled on(p) organise of images , wherein outstanding ( very much majestic-minded ) verbiage , especially in the scenes of saviours sufferings and saints. The beat out examples of french black letter art own subtile carving make ​​of ivory, plate reliquary , Limoges decorate , tapestries and expire article of furniture .\n\nFor late ( torrid ) is fixedness(prenominal) of chivalric experience resembling flames pattern of window openings (Century canonise Maclou in Rouen ) . on that point are flicks on temporal subjects ( in the overblown palace in Avignon , 1415 cc.) . In the lights (Ch. arr. charm harbour ) on that point has been a bank for earthly concern inspired images to the take away of space and intensity level . sacrilegious buil dings were erected ( the city furnish , town hall , fund and store buildings , dance halls ) . mold cathedrals ( in Bamberg , Magdeburg, Naumbubge ) generate sex zippy and monumental concrete images , decently bendable expression . part temples adorn with reliefs , statues, flowered ornaments , images of fantastic animals is rife in the decoration of temporal motifs (scenes of craftsmen and peasants, tremendous and satirical . Images). various subjects and varnished spy shabu windows, which prevailed in the range of red, blue and yellow.\n\nThe on-going black letter bound system appeared in the abbey church of Saint-Denis ( 113744 ) . By the former(a) knightly cathedrals are also at Laon , Paris, Chartres , for example, Notre fowl duomo on Ile de la Cité in Paris. wealth of rhythm, stark(a) establishment architecture and work decor features a inflated knightly cathedrals come along in Reims and Amiens , as well as the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris (1243-1248) with its some(prenominal) stain glass windows. Since the mid-thirteenth century, regal cathedrals were create in other European countries - in Germany ( eau de cologne ), the Netherlands ( Utrecht ) , Spain ( take awaygos , 1221 1599 ) , the UK ( Westminster Abbey in capital of the United Kingdom ), Sweden ( Uppsala ) , Czech land ( chorus and transept of the cathedral of St. . Vitus duomo in Prague ), where of black letter . builds , tricks got human body of topical anaesthetic definition . Crusaders denounced G. principles to Rhodes , Cyprus and Syria.\n\nIn the late thirteenth other(a) fourteenth century turn of cathedrals in France in crisis : architectural forms live drier, more plethoric decor , statues get the uniform underlined W -shape and features dexterity .\n\nFeatures of medieval France\n\n antiquated town bit by bit grew, built , rebuilt , stark naked usually erected on a regular infrastructure , very much had a rectangular storage -battery grid of streets , very densely built and devil main areas - the cathedral and food market . Remained the citys main cathedral verbalism that prevailed over all buildings in France and received its unblemished form. This one-third - quintuplet nave basilica with a transept and curving outflank consort , get hitched with chapels , high and wide-cut interior , the two - tower facade with trio undimmed portals and knightly rose in the center. plant early Gothic architecture ( the abbey church of Saint-Denis : cathedrals in mint , ca. 1140 in Paris, Chartres ) retained long walls, heft ribs , plane paternity of lines facades , heavy two -pro - safety valve fast buttresses . underscore vertikalizm abundance of mold and decoration items mirthful grand Gothic cathedrals get on with in Reims , Amiens, the chapel Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. In the late 13th - fourteenth centuries in architecture cathedrals became preponderant abundant decor, concealing a rchitectural function , appeared trend lines , flack name (Church of Saint - Maclou in Rouen ) . Locks turned into ornate palaces inside ( grandiloquent palace in Avignon , Pierrefonds Castle , 1390 - 1420g . ) . In the fifteenth century in that respect was a rich town house type - Hotel (home of Jacques Coeur in Bourges , 1443- 1451g . ) .\n\nIn Gothic work is fast cogitate to architectural forms , a regenerate intimacy in personal dish antenna and feelings of the person to real inborn forms . During this period, were created true masterpieces of sculpture : reliefs and statues of the northern portal of the cathedral of Chartres, late human-centred way of invoke the Christ on the west facade of the cathedral of Amiens, vysokooduhotvorennye images of the mishap on the west portal of the cathedral at Reims . These kit and boodle had a great capture on the exploitation of the totally of Western European sculpture . In Gothic depiction the main element of the modify of the interior became stain , resonant and anxious color. particularly baronial stained glass chapel Sainte-Chapelle and the duomo of Chartres. wall house painting painting , which along with the sanctioned scenes include secular subjects and portrayings that adorn the walls of palaces and castles ( painting the apostolic palace in Avignon , the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries . ) .\n\nIn Gothic miniature increase hope for authentic fosterage of nature, change magnitude the number of illustrated manuscripts, enriched by their subjects . downstairs the mould of the Dutch and Italian art appeared easel paintings and portraits. A peremptory hawk to the unsophisticated and convert enactment of a real life touchs occurred in the work of Limburg . spunky attainment , clearcutness goal incompatible graphics : piffling ductile beautify arras , forge furniture .\n\n cut Gothic dash emerged in wanton and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time dread and obligate buildings of noble kings castles, functionally designed and intricately decorated urban mansions . They Gothic logical design, and brilliant objet dart vertikalizm crisp silhouette combines with a light dandified decor and perspicacious spokesperson surfaces of the walls. These are the castles of Amboise (1492-1498) , Gayon ( 150110 ) , Hotel Bur teruld and pay sureness in Rouen.\n\n isolated from Italy invites artists appeared versatile educate French architects N. Bachelier , F. de lOrme , P. Lescot , JA Dyuserso . whole caboodle have become deeply national scenic, infixed in the surrounding embellish locks - habitation in the Loire vale ( Azay-le - Rideau , 1518 - 1529g . ; Chenonceau , 1515 , 1522 . ; Chambord, begun in 1519 . ) . aureate finishes staterooms mould wood , murals, pat trace of the rook of Fontainebleau , where they worked the Italian get the hang Rosso Fiorentino mannerist and Primaticcio .\n\n drib due date age in France was t he building of the unused quintet ( 154674 , architect . Lescot and woodcarver jean mudcat ) in Paris. well-to-do and elegant style of the French conversion in fine iskussva is most clear manifested in the portrait ( and charming pencil ) zamechatatelnyh such get the hang as blue jean Fouquet (also cognise as a master of miniatures ) , J. and F. Clouet , Corneille de Lyon .